Praxis Principles of Learning and Teaching (PLT) – Grades K-6 (5625) Practice Test

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• What term describes a progression of learning from beginner to advanced over time?
• Which scoring method uses general categories to rate the overall outcome with 3–5 levels of performance and generally provides limited feedback?
• Deals with the acquisition of morals and values.
• A term that describes the broad area concerned with movement and skilled actions is which?
• Which statement best defines Raw Score?
• Which of the following is an example of informal assessment?
• Which guides include statements or questions that provide instructional focus while students are watching films or clips?
• Which term describes the practice of using social interaction among students to promote learning goals?
• Which term describes learning delivered through structured, teacher-directed content that may not be hands-on?
• What term describes applying knowledge to make inferences about new thoughts and ideas?
• A theory that describes how multiple factors influence learning, such as genetics and environment.
• Which term describes a more experienced professional who guides someone newer to the profession?
• Which instructional practice involves students performing activities that imitate real-world processes to practice skills?
• A legal responsibility is called what?
• An Individualized Education Plan (IEP) is best described as what?
• Which term describes difficulty forming words?
• What term describes a test administered to all students in a consistent way and graded the same, enabling score comparisons across learners?
• Found using the average score of students who fall into that grade describes which score?
• Which term describes students who struggle with comprehension?
• Which psychologist is credited with foundational behaviorist work and the laws of effect, readiness, and exercise?
• Children learn by solving open-ended questions.
• What term describes agreements negotiated between a student and teacher, usually with input from others, designed for improvement and mastery of objectives?
• Which score is found by comparing a student’s results to the average performance of peers in the same age group?
• Which assessment method involves students evaluating and giving feedback on each other’s work?
• Which option correctly identifies Raw Score?
• Which term describes learning that occurs when education is delivered to students who are not in a school facility?
• Which Bloom's level involves producing new or original work?
• Which classroom strategies are aligned with promoting higher levels of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg's framework?
• Which term describes an internal reward that motivates behavior?
• Segments of the classroom in which independent learning activities are provided to students.
• These include representations or examples.
• Accommodations provide access to the same curriculum as grade-level peers, but information is presented in a different way.
• Which theorist proposed the three modes of representation: enactive, iconic, and symbolic?
• Which term describes individuals who have a stake in the school environment, including students, staff, and community members?
• Which statement best describes Summative Assessment?
• Which federal law protects students against gender discrimination in all federally funded education programs, including colleges that receive federal funding?
• Which domain governs emotions, values, and attitudes?
• What form of thinking describes cognitive processes, such as brainstorming, that are designed to generate new thoughts, ideas, and solutions?
• Which term describes an instructional approach that provides explicit, clear steps for a skill?
• Which term matches the definition "Segments of the classroom in which independent learning activities are provided to students"?
• Which concept guarantees freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition?
• Which domain includes emotions, motivation, and attitudes?
• Which term is described by "Students draw a conclusion using reasoning skills"?
• Which theory states that behavior is determined by a combination of cognitive factors, the environment, and stimuli?
• What term describes a person who supports growth by providing objective and honest feedback?
• Which term describes student-centered instruction in which the teacher facilitates opportunities for students to construct their own learning?
• Which term is used to describe protecting private information and restricting disclosure?
• Validity indicates which of the following?
• What form of thinking involves looking at evidence from an objective viewpoint to make inferences or draw conclusions?
• Which form of instruction is centered on the teacher with instruction based on disseminating facts?
• Which term describes the teacher using gestures or other physical prompts to assist students?
• Bloom's Taxonomy includes a domain that focuses on thinking and mental processes such as remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating. Which domain is this?
• Which law provides services to students in federally assisted programs who have impairments?
• In social cognitive theory, behavior is influenced by the interaction of personal factors, environment, and which factor?
• The teacher hears a speaker and repeats back the meaning behind his or her words to clarify understanding.
• Which term best fits when selecting evidence of learning collected over time?
• What term describes instruction that is tailored to meet the learning styles and readiness levels of individual students?
• Which term is a record of a learning experience?
• What educational tool is a small piece of paper with two to three short comprehension questions used to assess student understanding at the end of a lesson?
• The concept that explains driving forces behind a student's actions is best labeled as which term?
• Which of the following is an example of a constructivist approach in the classroom?
• What teaching technique prompts discussion by asking questions and building on students' ideas?
• Which term includes mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, language, and thinking used to process information?
• Which form of learning involves classifying information by topic?
• Which type of assessment is collected in the classroom to monitor performance and guide instruction, including activities like exit tickets?
• Which cognitive process involves drawing conclusions by combining known concepts and applying them to a new situation, often approximating an answer?
• Technically, a person has been given a permanent position, but tenured teachers have earned only the right to due process.
• Cooperative learning moves students toward which stage of Kohlberg's stages of moral development?
• Which term means the process of judging or assessing something?
• Which term corresponds to the description 'Involves demonstrating for others so that they can learn through mimicry' ?
• Which term describes a project that studies a defined concept using scientific principles to gather information?
• Which practice involves omitting words from a text to create a reading comprehension activity?
• In the affective domain, which level is associated with valuing or attaching worth to a phenomenon?
• Which term describes noting the similarities between two or more things and the differences between two or more things?
• Which item best describes Summative Assessment in a typical PLT context?
• Impairments that require assistance during the school day.
• Which domain focuses on the development of moral reasoning and ethical behavior?
• Which term refers to the practice of providing evidence of an observable conclusion?
• Which ESL objective focuses on constructing meaning from literary and informational text?
• Practice of using social interaction among students to promote learning goals.
• Which domain includes emotions, motivation, and attitudes in learning?
• The Cognitive Domain of Bloom's taxonomy focuses on which of the following?
• What term refers to nonprofit organizations formed to support professionals by setting standards and advocating for members?
• Which term describes analyzing two or more items to identify their similarities and differences?
• Which theory describes learning through reinforcing or punishing actions to influence behavior?
• What term describes small groups of professionals who meet to collaborate about instructional practices?
• Which practice allows students to monitor their own progress toward learning goals and supports their moral development?
• This entails a plan for achieving goals in all subject areas by combining content across disciplines.
• Which form of education uses a district- and state-defined set of learning outcomes that all students are expected to meet?
• What term describes motivation that is influenced by outside forces beyond a person's control?
• Which instructional activity uses play-acting to demonstrate a concept?
• Which stage is associated with Bridging in second-language acquisition?
• Which term describes learning that is focused on clear, explicit instruction of a particular skill?
• Which term describes drawing conclusions from known information by narrowing the focus to a specific circumstance?
• Holistic scoring is characterized by which of the following?
• Which domain focuses on motor skills as part of Bloom's holistic educational framework?
• Which theory by Albert Bandura involves learning by observing the consequences to others that evokes emotion from the observer?
• The term that provides the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute creative works.
• Who expanded operant conditioning by focusing on reinforcement and the environment?
• After an incident occurs, this is done to formally review the situation and determine why it happened as well as how to reduce the likelihood of another similar event.
• Which term best describes a unit designed to connect multiple subjects around a central theme?
• Which term refers to addressing a student's learning needs by altering expectations or content?
• Which theory posits that individuals have a perceived locus of causality influencing motivation?
• Mastery learning emphasizes credit for success to which factor?
• Which term refers to a structured approach that emphasizes clear and explicit instruction of a particular skill?
• Which term describes the overall plan naming what will be taught and the order for building mastery?
• An anecdotal note is best described as a written record used to capture ongoing evidence of learning over time.
• Which term describes statements or questions that provide instructional focus when listening to a lecture or other form of auditory instruction?
• Which term corresponds to "The process of finding answers to questions"?
• Which term includes representations or examples?
• Which term ranks a student by the percentage of students who scored higher and lower?
• Which statement best defines validity in relation to learning objectives?
• Kohlberg's theory of moral development expanded on the ideas of which earlier psychologist?
• Which term refers to the process of learning through reflection and documentation of experiences?
• Which scoring method breaks down general categories into more specific parts for evaluation?
• Which listening approach focuses on understanding and responding to the speaker by paying close attention and avoiding planning a reply while listening?
• An unplanned event occurs that triggers interest in learning more about a related topic. Which term describes this?
• Which term refers to a framework for understanding knowledge and information?
• Which term describes a record of a learning experience?
• What is the term for a change of pitch or tone to express meaning?
• Which term refers to items that students are able to move or change during hands-on instruction?
• What is the term for the process of combining information from various sources and applying it to a new area?
• This is the practice of graphically organizing thoughts by starting with a main idea and organizing thoughts and ideas around the main idea.
• Which type of memory holds information in the conscious mind briefly unless actively rehearsed for longer-term storage?
• Which description best fits divergent thinkers?
• Which learning concept involves forming a response to a neutral or environmental stimulus that evokes a response?
• Which term describes the ability to maintain control of one's own emotional responses, a concept emphasized by constructivist-informed teachers?
• What is the primary distinction between accommodations and modifications in educational planning?
• The term that describes difficulties with sight, such as blindness or visual impairment, is called ...
• Which term refers to an assessment given before a learning experience to measure baseline knowledge?
• Which assessment type is designed to measure what a student can do with a specific skill, not just knowledge?
• Code-switching is most characteristic of which stage of second-language acquisition?
• Which term describes evaluation and feedback among students?
• Which type of learning happens through experiences and may include hands-on learning, often called experiential learning?
• Which term describes permission given to someone to do something or to use something that belongs to someone else?
• What does CALPS stand for in the context of second-language development?
• IDEA provides guidelines to schools to address the needs of which group?
• Which legal provision is designed to protect rights of students with disabilities in federally funded programs?
• Which term describes training when one person provides support toward achieving a goal?
• Learners are internally satisfied by doing work because it is interesting, challenging, or relevant, or makes them feel successful.
• What type of standardized tests measure a student's performance in comparison with peers?
• This is a unit of study in which content from all subject areas is integrated.
• Which assessment is informal and used throughout learning experiences to help teachers make instructional decisions and provide feedback to students?
• Which term coined by John Watson refers to objectively measuring behavior in response to stimuli?
• What is the process of gathering data to determine the extent to which learning goals have been met?
• Changes made to the curriculum because students are so far behind that they are unable to use the same curriculum as their peers.
• Which term describes supports that gradually fade as a learner becomes more independent?
• Which teaching approach uses probing questions to help students critically evaluate a topic?
• Which term is a plan for achieving goals across subject areas?
• Which term is defined as showing a staged example to teach a task?
• What term describes emphasizing a word or words to convey meaning?
• According to Piaget, classroom learning should emphasize which concept?
• What method involves the teacher observing a student during a learning activity and recording observations as evidence of learning?
• Which act prohibits discrimination based on disabilities in schools, including activities on and off campus?
• Which term aligns with activities that integrate content across disciplines to support goal achievement?
• Conferences (professional) are best described as which of the following?
• Which learning theory states that students construct their own knowledge through learning experiences?
• Which statement best describes a Scoring Guide?
• A meeting between teacher and student when learning is orally assessed or behavior issues are discussed is called a ...
• Stage three of second-language acquisition is developing and involves conversational English. What is the term for these skills?
• What describes the space between what a child can do independently and the learning goal?
• Which type of learning involves observing others perform a behavior and then imitating it?
• Which verb best matches the action of examining evidence and reasoning to reach a conclusion?
• Which term best describes a continuous range along which a learner progresses in mastery?
• Which assessment primarily uses written responses to determine understanding?
• In motivation theory, what does the acronym PLOC stand for?
• In Erikson's psychosocial theory, which identity-related challenge is most associated with adolescence?
• Which term describes a set of learning outcomes clearly set by the district and state that all students are expected to achieve?
• Which term describes applying knowledge to make inferences about new thoughts and ideas?
• Which term is commonly described as items that students are able to move or change during hands-on instruction?
• Which term describes a form of learning that involves actively constructing knowledge through experiences and reflection?
• Which term describes positions that offer on-the-job training either in addition to or in lieu of a salary?
• Which term describes the process of examining after an incident to identify preventable factors?
• What practice uses graphic organizers to present thoughts or information?
• Which statistic is the point that divides the data into two halves, with half the scores below it?
• Which term describes a teacher-centered approach in which instruction is primarily about delivering facts and procedures?
• This is a certified professional who assesses and provides treatment for the development of life skills among disabled individuals.
• Bloom's Taxonomy identifies six cognitive levels. Which option lists all six levels?
• Which type of motivation arises from within the learner and is not driven by external rewards?
• Which records are written observations of a student, should be specific and objective, and focused on outlined criteria?
• In Bruner's constructivist view, the classroom emphasizes which approach?
• Which theorist is best known for learning through observation and modeling?
• What is something shown to students to accompany text or speech to clarify meaning?
• Nonprofit organizations formed to support the members of a particular profession by setting standards and advocating for their members.
• Which theorist proposed a psychosocial framework of development that emphasizes stages such as autonomy, identity, and generativity, with teachers modeling respect?
• Which type of assessment provides measures of progress that are supported by data and statistically accurate?
• Which term refers to ensuring procedural safeguards so that all students are treated fairly and rights are respected?
• Which informal assessment is used throughout learning experiences to guide instruction and provide feedback?
• What term describes the phenomenon of slipping into one's native language while speaking a second language?
• Which option correctly defines Standard Deviation?
• Authentic language refers to language drawn from real-life sources such as books and the Internet. It is particularly helpful for English learners in the early stages.
• Which professional diagnoses and treats communication disorders?
• What does ELPS stand for?
• Which principle, formulated by Thorndike, states that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences become more likely to recur?
• Which type of formal assessment measures a person's ability to develop a specific skill and is commonly used to place gifted students?
• The teacher uses gestures or other physical prompts to assist students.
• Which description best defines a Rubric?
• Which theorist developed the Hierarchy of Needs, describing unconscious desires that motivate people?
• Which theory explains how rewards and punishments condition student behavior and learning?
• Which psychologist developed Social Learning Theory, emphasizing learning through attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation, and is associated with the Bobo doll experiment?
• Which psychologist identified the three levels of moral development, including Preconventional, Conventional, and Postconventional?
• The three domains are cognitive, affective, and psychomotor.
• Which instructional approach emphasizes clear and explicit instruction of a specific skill?
• The principle that ensures students have access to ideas from diverse sources without censorship.
• Which principle ensures nondiscriminatory access to public education for all students, including those with disabilities?
• Which assessment measures a person’s ability to perform a specific skill?
• Which policy is primarily concerned with preventing gender discrimination in education?
• Explains the driving forces behind conduct.
• Which statement best reflects Jerome Bruner's constructivist view compared to Piaget?
• Which term refers to a certified professional who assesses and provides treatment for the development of life skills among disabled individuals?
• A trained teacher assistant provides student support as determined by the special education faculty. Teacher remains responsible for curriculum and delivering it.
• Which theory explains the discomfort people feel when holding two or more contradictory beliefs, values, or attitudes?
• Which term describes a device that amplifies the teacher's speech so students can hear clearly?
• Which term refers to impairments in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with IQ ranges described as mild, moderate, or severe?
• Discussions or meetings in which participants come together to interact and exchange information about best practices.
• Which Russian psychologist researched social development theory, introducing the concepts of a more knowledgeable other (MKO) and the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
• Which cooperative approach involves placing students into small groups to complete a task together, promoting social learning and often moving students toward higher levels of moral development?
• What action helps distract students from negative behavior by channeling their attention into something positive?
• A record of a learning experience.
• If a teacher uses an observation for a sudden teachable moment, which term describes this event?
• What type of therapist is a certified professional who evaluates and treats mobility issues?
• Which metacognitive activity involves students reflecting on a question individually and then sharing and discussing with nearby peers?
• Which term refers to the right to receive information from various perspectives without censorship?
• Which option is not a form of positive reinforcement?
• Which term describes the guidance relationship where an experienced professional supports a newer one?
• What term describes a learner's belief in their ability to achieve a learning goal?
• What term refers to the exclusive right to intellectual works, such as literary or musical pieces?
• Which instructional tool is used to support comprehension by providing a visual representation of information?
• Which technique uses a diagram to show relationships among ideas and is a form of visual organizing?
• John Dewey advocated learning as real-world experiences and social responsibility. Which statement best reflects this view?
• In social learning contexts, which practice involves practicing a new concept with scaffolded support from the teacher?
• Which term best describes a unit that blends multiple subject areas around a central theme?
• Which term refers to students whose native language is not English and who are learning English as an additional language?
• Which approach to learning involves students performing experiments or researching information to understand new concepts?
• Which theory focuses on how people attribute causes to others' behavior, distinguishing internal and external attributions?
• Which method involves writing brief, objective records of classroom events as they occur?
• Which term refers to students with an IQ greater than 130?
• Which assessment measures progress against preset standards and is scored against the standard rather than against other students?
• Learning experiences are completed autonomously by the student.
• Which assessment uses written responses to questions to allow students to articulate their learning?
• Which assessment involves students presenting their learning as the teacher observes to assess mastery of learning goals?
• What is the process of inspecting something critically?
• Which term describes a training arrangement in which one person provides support to help another reach a goal?
• Deals with all aspects of motor skill development.
• Which type of assessment is used during instruction to monitor progress and adjust instruction?
• External rewards such as praise or trinkets given for doing a good job are called?
• Which term describes learning by observing consequences to others that evokes emotion?
• Which term refers to the three domains of learning?
• Which act prohibits schools from sharing identifiable information about students and protects the confidentiality of education records?
• Which professional evaluates and treats mobility issues?
• Which of the following is one of the ESL objectives described?
• Which term refers to a strength or weakness in academic functioning that requires extra attention to meet a student’s needs?
• Which term best describes the mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, language, and thinking used to process information?
• Which statistic is the middle value when all scores are arranged from lowest to highest?
• Which assessment format involves students selecting the best answer from options and is easy to grade?
• How many stages are described in second-language acquisition according to the material?
• What outlines criteria of student performance that teachers check off as mastery is demonstrated?
• Which term acts as a cognitive blueprint guiding how we understand new information?
• What is a portfolio?
• A test that measures acquired knowledge or skills at the end of a learning experience is called what?
• Freedom from having personal business shared with others.
• Which term refers to anyone who has a stake in the school, including students, teachers, parents, staff, administrators, and community members?
• Which theorist identified stages of cognitive development including sensorimotor and formal operational?
• Which concept refers to the order in which learning objectives are taught to maximize student success?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between reliability and validity?
• What type of instruction is provided to a group of learners who share similar instructional needs?
• Involves demonstrating for others so that they can learn through mimicry.
• Which instructional approach involves inquiries used to help focus instruction and assess understanding?
• Which term describes the people who provided the framework for current knowledge of cognitive processes?
• This learning approach relies heavily on social interaction and cooperative grouping.
• Which term describes giving rewards to reinforce a desired behavior in a learning environment?
• What term describes projects that study specific concepts using scientific principles for gathering information?
• What learning theory explains how a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a reflex response through conditioning, as shown in the classic Pavlov experiment?
• Which description best reflects Reliability?
• Which statistic represents the arithmetic average of all scores?
• The term for a legal obligation that may lead to financial loss if a duty is breached.
• Which term describes the status of a teacher who has earned certain job protections and due process rights?
• What is the name of the predominant standards used across most states for Math and English Language Arts?
• Which type of assessment measures students according to preset standards rather than comparing them to peers?
• Which prompting technique uses words or phonemes to support memory?
• Which is a common alternative to formal PLC meetings for collaborative planning?
• What term describes models that imitate real-world processes for learning, such as simulations?
• Aptitude testing is commonly used to determine what in education?
• Which term outlines the learning objectives to be taught, including supporting standards and the level of complexity?
• Which term describes the opportunity to learn objectives at a deeper level than outlined in the standards, emphasizing more meaningful work at a higher level of Bloom's taxonomy?
• Which instructional activity involves students acting out roles to explore concepts?
• Which term describes the supports that allow a child to work above his or her independent level and are gradually removed as mastery is gained?
• Thinking about the learning process
• What term describes strategies that identify learning gaps and provide targeted instruction to help a student catch up?
• Which psychologist expanded on Thorndike and Watson, emphasizing reinforcement and self-paced learning, and is associated with operant conditioning?
• Which plan is commonly used to outline accommodations for students who need them within the general education setting?
• What term describes a unit that integrates curricula across content areas under a general theme?
• On standardized assessments, which measure is defined as the score that occurs most frequently?
• Action Plan is defined as which of the following?
• Which American psychologist contributed to the taxonomy of educational objectives and mastery learning, and influenced Head Start and holistic education?
• Which term describes a unit of study in which content from multiple subject areas is integrated?
• Characterized by loss of movement. May be caused by injury or disease.
• Describe how genetics, development, environment, motivation, and emotions affect a student's ability to acquire and apply knowledge.
• Which term describes encouraging a behavior to continue by providing something the student values such as praise, recognition, or rewards?